Welding stud



` tion; In my Patent 2,413,370,

Patented Jan. 25, 194:9`

WELDING STUD 'Walter E. lalmer, Fair L rnesne assignments, to Company, Chicago, lll., a corporation oi llbella1 awn, N. l., assigner, by

National Cylinder llas Application May 3, i945, Serial No. llll This invention relates to the art of butt welding metal studs, bolts or analogous elements to a metal plate or other analogous structural part by the forming of an electric arc therebetween, which acts to melt the juxtaposed parts. The current ls then shut cil and the end of the stud forced into the molten pool or puddle, and permitted to cool and become permanently attached in place.

in such electric welding operations it is common practice to employ a iluxlng or scavenging material which acts to remove impurities from the weld area, or protect the molten metal from oxidizing during the forming of the weld.

in Crecca Reissue ,Patent Re. 22,108 it has been proposed to use a ferrule of fire resisting material which loosely encircles the stud and rests on the plate to form a receptacle into which an arc initiating material may be placed. The stud is usually pointed and held lslightly out of contact with the plate during through said arc initiating material.

lt has been proposed in Nelson Re. 22,411 and in Nelson 2,355,099 to coniine uxing material initially in a chamber on the end of the stud and enclosed 'by a plate or metal wall. The nux is in loose particlaform and may fall directly into the middle of the puddle and often causes porosity or becomes incorporated in the weld or causes nonuniform action due to lack of proper distribugranted December 3l, 1946, on copending application, Serial No. 537,033, I have disclosed and claimed a stud having ilux material carried thereby adjacent to but spaced from the pointed end. ln such constructions the stud with its fluxing material may be made and sold `as an article of manufacture, but it involves a substantial increase in the cost of the stud due to the required machining of the 4stud and the application and securing of the flux thereto.

There is also disclosed in my said application a ferrule for retaining fluxingmaterial adjacent to the end of the stud. The present application is a. continuation in part of said application No. 537,033.

One object of the present invention is to pro-l vide means for holding or supporting the fluxing, scavenging or oxidizing material adjacent to but encircling the point where the arc is formed so that it does not in any way interfere with the free flow of the current which causes the localized melting of the stud and the plate. Said means acts to hold or support said material sufllciently close to the are and/or melting material so the forming of the arc 5 malins. (Cl. 287-202.)

und that after the formation oz the arc, the 'liux may become heated and iiow over and around the molten metal.

A further object is to provide a support for the fluxing and scavenging material and which holds said material in the form oi an annulus around the point of fusion of the metal, so it may flow radially inwardly and uniformly over the puddle and thus properly protect the molten metal from oxidizing, and properly scavenging the molten metal.

A further object is to provide a holder for the Vflux or scavenging agent, which holder` does not require machining and is separate and independent of the stud, so that it may be used with any ordinaryor standard form of stud, the cost for the stud and fluxing support being thus very substantially reduced below that of a machined stud carrying the iluxing material.

ln carrying out my invention, l provide a ierrule, sleeve, or collar oi lire resisting material, with an annulus of the fluxing or scavenging material carried on the inner surface thereof. The other end of "the ierrule may be of such internal diameter that it may slip onto the end of the stud and with a light friction lit, or may be of such size that when the errule is placed on a plate and the stud projected therethrough the ferrule will be substantially centered in respect to the stud.

As the annulus of fluxng or oxidizing material encircles the stud, it will melt, vaporize, or otherwise become detached from its support and flow inwardly over the molten metal, after there has been produced sufficient heat to start the melting.

The material is confined by the wall of the ferrule so that it cannot flow away from the molten Imetal, even though the plate to which the stud is being welded is in an inclined position, or even if the stud be welded to the underside of the plate. The correct amount of the material may be pre selected and may be varied for different sizes of studs or studs of different kinds or of different alloys. 'As the material is not on either the plate or the stud, but is on a separate annular holder it will act to protect the heated portions of both the plate and the stud. The ferrule serves a double function if the stud is to be attached to the plate through a, 4hole in wooden sheathing, as it not only carries the fluxing, scavenging or oxidizing material but protects the wood from being overheated or burned during the welding of the stud.

In the accompanying drawing I have illustrated various forms of flux supports. In the drawings Fig. 1 is a section throughs. plate with a threaded cylindrical form an annulus or layer Ila of the flux annulus Idd substantially fills the space plication to the plate or resistant material and after it has Served its pointed stud and one form' of ux carrying ferrule.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the ferrule, a part being broken away and Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are sections through other forms of ferrules and Fig. 6 is a section through a ferrule attached to a stud as disclosed in my application above referred to.

The ferrule l as shown in Fig. 1 is of and of such size as to have alight friction fit on a threaded stud Il with a pointed end for contacting with a metal plate I2. The wall thickness of the ferrule is reduced at one end to form an annular recess I3 to receive and retain an annular body .of material which may act as a flux, scavenging or oxidizing agent. As

shown, the length of this annulus is approximately that of the pointed end of the stud.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a ferrule Illa which has and extending the full length of the ferrule.

In Fig. 4 I have shown a ferrule IUb which has one end portion cylindrical to fairly closely t the stud and the other end portion somewhat bellshaped to receive and support a thicker annular layer I 4b of the flux.

In Fig. 5 the ferrule Ic has a frusto-conical lower section to the inner surface of which there is applied a frusta-conical annulus Mc of the ux.

In Fig. 6 there is shown a ferrule I0d and stud l ld similar to what is shown in Fig. 1 but the between the lower" end of the ferrule and the pointed end of the stud. The stud, ferrule and flux may be assembled at the factory and` sold as a single article vof manufacture, the flux serving as a binder to hold the stud and ferrule together.

I do not Wish to be limited to any particular composition for the flux, scavenger or the like, as it may be Vf any composition commonly used in connection with welding operations. It is preferable that it have some suitable binder incorporated therein so that the material will hold in place in the ferrule during shipment and apstud to be welded. The ferrule itself may be of any suitable fire is preferably of such composition that it is fragile and evenly broken away purpose of initially supporting the iiux and confining it during the welding. It may initially be very strong but become fragile by the action of the welding heat.

If the ferrule is made to have a friction fit on the stud it may be pushed onto the stud so as to extend a short distance beyond they end of the stud so that in placing it in position on a plate it will engage the plate before the stud does and this insures proper contact with the plate. The t should not be so tight as to seriously interfere with the pushing of the stud into the pool of molten metal after the latter has been formed.

As previously noted it may t very loosely so that it may be placed in position on the plate and before Welder and, the stud carried thereby are brought into position with the stud extending into the ferrule. Arc initiating material may be placed in the ferrule as disclosed in the Crecca patent above identified or may -be omitted depending on the type of welding apparatus employed.

I have shown the stud as being pointed, but as the stud per se forms no part of my invention the stud may be of any conventional form.

As above indicated, the material carried by the ferrule may serve as a flux, a scavenging agent, an oxidizing agent or for other analogous purpose in protecting'and purifying the molten metal. I use the term iiuxing material in the claims as a generic name for such compositions.

The ferrule is illustrated as circular in cross--` section. This is not essential as it may be any desired shape, and the stud itself may be square, hexagonal or of any other cross-sectional form.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. An article of manufacture for use in the welding of a stud to a plate, said article comprising an annular ferrule of fire resistant material adapted to receive the stud, and an annulus of form retaining fluxing composition adhering to and carried by the inner surface of said ferrule.

2. An article of manufacture comprising a ferrule of fire resistant material having an annular layer of form retaining fiuxing material, carried thereby on the inner surface thereof and extending along only a portion of the length thereof.

3. An article as dened in claim 1 in which the annulus is adjacent to one end of said ferrule.

4. In combination a welding stud, a ferrule of're resistant material and having a loose friction t on said stud and an annular body of uxing material carried by said ferrule adjacent to one end of said stud, the inner diameter of said body being at least as great as the outside diameter of said stud.

5. In combination a welding stud having a. portion of reduced diameter at one end, a ferrule loosely fitting on said stud above said reduced end and an annular body of form retaining uxing material, carried by said ferrule in the annular space between said ferrule and said reduced end.

WALTER E. PALMER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

